1. Cash Flow 

Do you have more cash flowing into your business each month than you payout to cover costs and expenses? If so, your accountant will conclude that you're "cash flow positive." If the opposite is true, your cash flow statement will reveal that you're "cash flow negative." 

Having excess cash on hand means you're better equipped to keep up with debt, cover unforeseen expenses, and invest in growth opportunities. Your accountant can generate a cash flow statement each quarter to keep tabs on this key performance indicator.

2. Profit and Loss Statement 

The profit and loss statement (also known as the income statement) is one of the most important documents used by accountants to determine the profitability of your business.

The P&L statement lists revenues and gains as well as expenses and losses over a specific period (typically every three months for small construction businesses). It calculates your all-important "bottom line," so you know if you're operating at a loss or turning a profit.

3. Gross vs. Net Profit

Gross profit is what remains when you subtract the cost of goods sold (COGS) from your total revenue. Net profit, on the other hand, drills deeper. It reveals your exact dollar per profit of sales after subtracting all operating expenses, including COGS, taxes, and interest paid on debt, among others.

Gross and net profit are both profitability ratios. They are key for measuring business performance against an industry benchmark and your competitors.

4. Balance Sheet

The balance sheet offers a snapshot of your overall financial position at a particular moment in time. It lists the assets (such as cash, inventory, accounts receivable, and equipment); liabilities (like accounts payable, income tax, and employee salaries); and shareholder capital. In a nutshell, the balance sheet shows what you own, as well as what you owe.

5. Accounts Receivable & Accounts Payable

Simply put, accounts receivable is money customers owe your business for goods or services sold. It is considered an asset on your balance sheet. Conversely, accounts payable is money you owe suppliers and any bills you have yet to pay, so it's listed as a liability on your balance sheet.

Perhaps you're wondering if you're doing everything you can to boost revenue and cut costs? Or if your business is more profitable this year than it was last?

The best way to answer these questions is with a thorough assessment of profitability.

That's where gross and net profit calculations come in. These are two of the most critical metrics for measuring your capacity to generate earnings relative to costs and expenses. 

Let's take a look at the differences between gross and net profit, and what they can reveal about the financial health of your business.

Gross Profit: A General Overview Of Profitability

You can calculate your company's gross profit by subtracting the cost of the goods or services you sell from your total revenue over a specific period. The equation looks like this:

Sales - cost of goods sold = gross profit

When determining the cost of goods sold (otherwise known as COGS), construction businesses take into account all of the processes involved in their production and delivery to customers, including:

• raw materials
• manufacturing
• packaging
• shipping and fuel.

Once you know your gross profit, you can divide it by your total revenue to calculate your gross profit margin – a percentage that shows exactly how much money is left over after you've covered your COGS.

This calculation will show you how efficiently you're managing your resources – and where optimization is needed – so you can work toward a healthier bottom line.

Net profit: Drilling Down To Profits After All Expenses

The net profit calculation goes a step further by determining how much revenue remains after subtracting all expenses, including COGS. Net profit reveals your precise profit per dollar of sales after deducting operating expenses, taxes, interest paid on debt, and the like. To keep abreast of your financial status, it's wise to calculate net profit every month.

Determining your net profit is crucial for several reasons, including:

• Knowing how much you can safely pay yourself each month, or divide among your business partners;
• Applying for a business loan, where net profit is an essential part of the lender's free cash flow analysis 
• Measuring performance against the industry benchmark and your main competitors.

Protect your profits by ensuring you get paid

It goes without saying that calculating gross and net profits won't be beneficial if you're having trouble collecting payment from your customers. Staying on top of accounts receivable is crucial for maintaining positive cash flow, turning a healthy profit, and growing your business. 

Here are a few tips for ensuring timely payment:

• Require payment upfront, operate on Other People's Money
• Track invoices weekly, contact clients immediately after the payment deadline has been missed, and work together to set a new period 
• Suggest an installment program for clients who are encountering financial difficulties.